What are Gibberellins?

Gibberellins are plant hormones that can regulate the development of plants, including stem elongation process, germination process, flowering, dormancy, etc. We can denote this compound as GA. In its classification, we can classify gibberellins as diterpenoid acids. This is because these plant hormones form from the terpenoid pathway that takes place in plastids and are modified in endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol.

Figure: Chemical Structure of Gibberellic Acid, a Form of 19-Carbon Gibberellin

When considering the chemical structure of gibberellins, they are tetracyclic diterpene acids. There are two major classes of gibberellins depending on the number of carbon atoms present in the molecules. They are the 19-carbon gibberellins and 20-carbon gibberellins. In general, the 19-carbon gibberellins are the biologically active form. A common example for this group of gibberellins is gibberellic acid. The effect of these plant hormones on plant growth and development include the followings:

• Breaking dormancy and other aspects of germination

• Signalling starch hydrolysis in seeds

• Tolerating cold temperatures

• Stimulating cell elongation, breaking, and budding

What is difference between GA3 and GA4+7?

Gibberellic Acid GA3 had the highest activity in seed germination and vegetative growth.

Gibberellic Acid GA3 has a good effect on most crops in flowering and fruit setting.

Gibberellic Acid GA4 activity was higher in the seed germination of tobacco and lettuce crops.

The activity of Gibberellic Acid GA4 was better than that of Gibberellic Acid GA3 in dwarf pea.

In adjusting fruit type, Gibberellic Acid GA3 mainly plays its role through the synergism of auxin, while Gibberellic Acid GA4 and Gibberellic Acid GA7 have higher and more direct activities. For example, red delicious apple is molded with Gibberellic Acid GA4+7.

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